Research Library

This selection features scientific and medical references that have profoundly shaped my understanding of human biology—from cellular energy production and metabolic regulation to epigenetics and biochemical signaling. I do not expect readers to assume I have mastered every reference in full detail. Instead, I ask only for a small measure of trust: that this library reflects a long and personal journey of building knowledge from the ground up, through persistent study and critical inquiry.

Rather than accepting established models at face value, I have chosen to study biology from first principles—seeking patterns, mechanisms, and truths often found at the edge of current scientific understanding.

My work lives at that frontier, where genuine insight often begins.

With the help of the Universe.

Summarised medical references navigating about One Carbon Metabolism and DNA Methylation

  1. Niacin, Methylation, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)

2. One Carbon Metabolism and Early Development: A Diet-Dependent Destiny

3. Neuroprotective Roles of the Reverse Transsulfuration Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease

4. Nicotinamide supplementation induces detrimental metabolic and epigenetic changes in developing rats

5. Excess nicotinamide inhibits methylation-mediated degradation of catecholamines in normotensives and hypertensives

6. Homocystinuria due to Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Deficiency

7. Body composition in patients with classical homocystinuria: body mass relates to homocysteine and choline metabolism

8. Methionine Metabolism in Mammals 

9. Homocysteine: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Role in Disease

10. Role of Homocysteine in Diseases: A Review

11. Homocysteine: Highs, Lows, and Optimals

12. DNA methylation in human diseases

13. Maternal intake of methyl-group donors affects DNA methylation of metabolic genes in infants


14. Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia Increases Brain Acetylcholinesterase and Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in Different Tissues

15. Impaired hydrogen sulfide synthesis and IL-10 signaling underlie hyperhomocysteinemia-associated exacerbation of colitis

16. Glutathione Is a Key Player in Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress Defenses

17. Homocysteine to Hydrogen Sulfide or Hypertension

18. Impaired hydrogen sulfide synthesis and IL-10 signaling underlie hyperhomocysteinemia-associated exacerbation of colitis

19. Hydrogen sulfide increases glutathione biosynthesis, and glucose uptake and utilization in C2C12 mouse myotubes

20. Imbalance of Homocysteine and H2s: Significance, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Promise in Vascular Injury

Summarized medical references navigating human exposure to heavy metals and organophosphates (pesticides)

  1. Profile of Urinary Arsenic Metabolites during Pregnancy

2. Consumption of folate-related nutrients and metabolism of arsenic in Bangladesh

3. The Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Neurological and Cognitive Dysfunction in Human and Rodent Studies: A Review

4. Arsenic Limits Trace Mineral Nutrition (Selenium, Zinc, and Nickel) in Bangladesh Rice Grain

5. Serum Acetyl Cholinesterase as a Biomarker of Arsenic Induced Neurotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

6. Dietary Intake of Methionine, Cysteine, and Protein and Urinary Arsenic Excretion in Bangladesh

7. The Developmental Neurotoxicity of Arsenic: Cognitive and Behavioral Consequences of Early Life Exposure

8. Exposure to multiple metals from groundwater - A global crisis: Geology, climate change, health effects, testing, and mitigation

9. Trace metals and animal health: Interplay of the gut microbiota with iron, manganese, zinc, and copper


10. Cadmium Effects on Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Antioxidant Status of Adult Rats: Modulation by Zinc, Calcium and L-Cysteine Co-Administration

11. Thirdhand cigarette smoke leads to age-dependent and persistent alterations in the cecal microbiome of mice

12. Caffeine Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase, But Not Butyrylcholinesterase

13. N-acetyl-L-cysteine protects against cadmium-induced neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting ROS-dependent activation of Akt/mTOR pathway in mouse brain

14. Arsenic-induced abnormalities in glucose metabolism: Biochemical basis and potential therapeutic and nutritional Interventions

15. Arsenic is associated with reduced effect of folic acid in myelomeningocele prevention: a case control study in Bangladesh

16. Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis after Arsenic Exposure and Antibiotic Treatment in Mice: Potential Role of the Microbiota

17. Decreased intelligence in children and exposure to fluoride and arsenic in drinking water

18. Association of Cord Blood Levels of Lead, Arsenic, and Zinc and Home Environment

with Children Neurodevelopment at 36 Months Living in Chitwan Valley, Nepal

19. Long term low-dose arsenic exposure induces loss of DNA methylation

20. Factors Affecting Arsenic Methylation in Arsenic-Exposed Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

21. Long-Term Low-Level Arsenic Exposure Is Associated with Poorer Neuropsychological Functioning: A Project FRONTIER Study

22.  The Role of Folate in Mediating the Metabolism and Toxicity of Arsenic

23. Critical windows of exposure for arsenic-associated impairment of cognitive

function in pre-school girls and boys: a population-based cohort study

23. Probability of intellectual disability is associated with soil concentrations of arsenic and lead

24. Arsenite Interacts Selectively with Zinc Finger Proteins Containing C3H1 or C4 Motifs*

25. Trace metals and animal health: Interplay of the gut microbiota with iron, manganese, zinc, and copper

26. Synergy of arsenic with smoking in causing cardiovascular disease mortality: A cohort study with 27 follow-up years in China

27. Consumption of folate-related nutrients and metabolism of arsenic in Bangladesh

28. How arsenic finds its way to food chain, ‘hurts social fabric’ too

29. Arsenic inhibits stem cell differentiation by altering the interplay between the Wnt3a and Notch signaling pathways

30. Human Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase in Health and Disease

31. Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Meet Immunity

32. Organophosphate Insecticides

33. Does Early-Life Exposure to Organophosphate Insecticides Lead to Prediabetes and Obesity?

34. Antidepressants inhibit human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity

35. Environmental Toxins Are a Major Cause of Bone Loss

Summarized medical references navigating vitamin D, zinc, and magnesium

  1. Orthomolecular Medicine and Megavitamin Therapy: Future and Philosophy

2. Biomarkers of Nutrition and Health: New Tools for New Approaches

3. ‘Magnesium’-the master cation-as a drug—possibilities and evidences

4. Antidepressant-like activity of magnesium in the chronic mild stress model in rats: alterations in the NMDA receptor subunits

5. Effect of Long-Term and Short-Term Imbalanced Zn Manipulation on Gut Microbiota and Screening for Microbial Markers Sensitive to Zinc Status

6. Magnesium and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Cholinergic Hypothesis

7. Antagonistic effect of early stage zinc on arsenic toxicity induced preterm birth during pregnancy: evidence from a rural Bangladesh birth cohort

8. Chronic Dietary Zinc Deficiency Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Function

9. Zinc deficiency and arsenic exposure can act both independently or cooperatively to affect zinc status, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response

10. Zinc in Regulating Protein Kinases and Phosphatases in Neurodegenerative Diseases

11. Zinc Supplementation and BodyWeight: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

12. Alteration in Gut Microbiota Associated with Zinc Deficiency in School-Age Children

13. Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc as a Pro-Antioxidant Mediator: Clinical Therapeutic Implications

14. Determinants of maternal zinc status during pregnancy1–3

15. Tobacco smoke exposure is an independent predictor of vitamin D deficiency in US children

Summarized medical references navigating the gut microbiome

  1. Microbial pathways in colonic sulfur metabolism and links with health and disease

2. Dietary Factors in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis

3. Hydrogen Sulfide in Physiology and Diseases of the Digestive Tract

4. Intestinal microbiota as a route for micronutrient bioavailability

5. Hydrogen sulfide toxicity in the gut environment: Meta-analysis of sulfate-reducing and lactic acid bacteria in inflammatory processes

6. Diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine

7. Vitamin Biosynthesis by Human Gut Butyrate-Producing Bacteria and Cross Feeding in Synthetic Microbial Communities 

8. Non-digestible carbohydrates, butyrate, and butyrate-producing bacteria 

9. In Vitro Fermentation of Selected Prebiotics and Their Effects on the Composition and Activity of the Adult Gut Microbiota 

10. The Microbiome and Butyrate Regulate Energy Metabolism and Autophagy in the Mammalian Colon

11. Potential beneficial effects of butyrate in intestinal and extra intestinal diseases 

12. Comparative genomics of the genus Roseburia reveals divergent biosynthetic pathways that may influence colonic competition among species 

13. The effect of butyrate on the release of serotonin from the gastrointestinal tract 

14. ”Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity"

15. Gut Microbiota, Cirrhosis, and Alcohol Regulate Bile Acid Metabolism in the Gut

16. Gut Microbiota at the Intersection of Alcohol, Brain, and the Liver

17. Review article: alcohol and gut microbiota - the possible role of gut microbiota modulation in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease

18. Bacteria: Internal Components

19. Roseburia intestinalis: A Beneficial Gut Organism From the Discoveries in Genus and Species

20. The Sporobiota of the Human Gut

21. Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota

22. Dietary Factors in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis

23. Gut Bacteria and Hydrogen Sulfide: The New Old Players in Circulatory System Homeostasis

24. Bacterial Metabolites of Human Gut Microbiota Correlating with Depression

25. Roseburia intestinalis: A Beneficial Gut Organism From the Discoveries in Genus and Species

26. Hydrogen sulfide toxicity in the gut environment: Meta-analysis of sulfate-reducing and lactic acid bacteria in inflammatory processes

27. Assessment of the safety and probiotic properties of Roseburia intestinalis: A potential “Next Generation Probiotic”

28. Hydrogen sulphide:a bacterial toxins in ulcerative colitis?

Summarized medical references navigating Nicotine and Caffeine effects

  1. Mitochondria as a possible target for nicotine action.

2. It’s not “either/or”: activation and desensitisation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors both contribute to behaviours related to nicotine addiction and mood.

3. Cholinergic control of inflammation

4. α7-Cholinergic Receptor Mediates Vagal Induction of Splenic Norepinephrine

5. Activation of the Macrophage α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Control of Inflammation   

6. Nicotine inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators in human monocytes by suppression of I-kB phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kB transcriptional activity through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor a7   

7. Cholinergic Modulation of the Immune System Presents New Approaches for Treating Inflammation.

8. Beyond neurotransmission: acetylcholine in immunity and inflammation

9. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated calcium signaling in the nervous system   

10. Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain

11. Cortisol levels decrease after acute tobacco abstinence in regular smokers

12. Caffeine Stimulation of Cortisol Secretion Across the Waking Hours in Relation to Caffeine Intake Levels

13. Nicotine and serotonin in immune regulation and inflammatory processes: a perspective

14. Urinary Excretion of Niacin Metabolites in Humans after Coffee Consumption

15. Nicotinic acid and psychiatry

16. The effects of caffeine, nicotine, ethanol, and tetrahydrocannabinol on exercise performance

17. Nicotine enhances alcohol intake and dopaminergic responses through β2* and β4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

18. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in addiction

19. Smoking disturbs mitochondrial respiratory chain function and enhances lipid peroxidation on human circulating lymphocytes

20. The endocrine effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke

21. Molecular mechanisms of acetylcholine receptor–lipid interactions: from model membranes to human biology

23. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Interactions with Gut Microbiota

24. Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders

25. Association between Cigarette Smoking Status and Composition of Gut Microbiota: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

26. Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Gut Microbiota: State of Knowledge

27. Cigarette Smoking, Nicotine, and Body Weight

28. Long-Term Potentiation of Excitatory Inputs to Brain Reward Areas by Nicotine

29. Addiction and the Brain Antireward System

30. Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis

31. Nicotine Addiction

32. Nicotinic mechanisms influencing synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus

33. Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine Neuropsychopharmacology: Some Future Research Directions

34. Cholinergic Drugs I - Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptors

35. Neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction: acute positive reinforcement and withdrawal

36. Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine Neuropsychopharmacology: Some Future Research Directions

37. 'This vile custome': a history of tobacco's medical interpretations

38. Social norms and the acceptability of tobacco use

39. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Interactions with Gut Microbiota

40. Kinetics of desensitization and recovery from desensitization for human α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors stably expressed in SH-EP1 cells

41. Recovery from Desensitization of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors of Rat Chromaffin Cells Is Modulated by Intracellular Calcium through Distinct Second Messengers

42. Desensitization of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors

43. Receptor downregulation and desensitization enhance the information processing ability of signalling receptors

44. Kinetics of desensitization and recovery from desensitization for human α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors stably expressed in SH-EP1 cells

45. Recovery from Desensitization of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors of Rat Chromaffin Cells Is Modulated by Intracellular Calcium through Distinct Second Messengers

46. Desensitization of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors

47. Disrupted H2S Signaling by Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking: Evidence from Cellular, Animal, and Clinical Studies

48. Hydrogen sulfide mediates nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) under high temperature conditions

Summarized medical references navigating the Kynurenine Pathway (immune system)

  1. Neuroinflammation and the Kynurenine Pathway in CNS Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications 

2. Aspects of Tryptophan and Nicotinamide Adenine
Dinucleotide in Immunity: A New Twist in an Old Tale

3. Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate-Dependent Enzymes at the Crossroads of Host–Microbe Tryptophan Metabolism

4. Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism: Regulatory and Functional Aspects 

5. L-Tryptophan: Basic Metabolic Functions, Behavioral Research and Therapeutic Indications 

6. What is the tryptophan kynurenine pathway and why is it important to neurotherapy? 

7. Tryptophan–Kynurenine Metabolism as a Common Mediator of Genetic and Environmental Impacts in Major Depressive Disorder: The Serotonin Hypothesis Revisited 40 Years Later

8. The Kynurenine Pathway Is a Double-Edged Sword in Immune-Privileged Sites and in Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy 

9. Aspects of Tryptophan and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Immunity: A New Twist in an Old Tale 

10. Microorganisms, Tryptophan Metabolism, and Kynurenine Pathway: A Complex Interconnected Loop Influencing Human Health Status 

11. Disturbed Tryptophan Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease 

12. Role of Kynurenine Pathway in Oxidative Stress during Neurodegenerative Disorders 

13. Tryptophan Metabolism in Inflammaging: From Biomarker to Therapeutic Target 

14. Activation of Liver Tryptophan Pyrrolase Mediates the Decrease in Tryptophan Availability to the Brain after Acute Alcohol Consumption by Normal Subjects 

15. Tryptophan metabolism in alcoholism 

16. Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and KidneyDisease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism 

17. Tryptophan Metabolism and Related Pathways in Psychoneuroimmunology: The Impact of Nutrition and Lifestyle

18. Effects of normal meals rich in carbohydrates or proteins on plasma tryptophan and tyrosine ratios 

19. Role of the Arylhydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in the Pathology of Asthma and COPD

20. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway: Role, regulation and intervention in atherosclerosis therapy (Review) 

21. The Expanded Biology of Serotonin

22. 
Cortisol levels decrease after acute tobacco abstinence in regular smokers

23. Dietary L-Tryptophan Modulates the Structural and Functional Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Weaned Piglets

24. Tryptophan Metabolism: A Link Between the Gut Microbiota and Brain